Иностранный язык английский/ преподаватель Щаева А.М.
Выполнить все задания к практическим работам 1-5
1. In 1980, a
conference agreed to…..the rules of the new Maritime Buoyage System.
1. Read and
translate the text:
A lighthouse
is a structure showing a light. The light serves as an aid to navigation.
Lighthouses
are located on land and at sea. In most cases lighthouses are erected on solid
foundations,
Sometimes the foundation is a framework. Lights are
often exhibited from poles, posts, staffs
e.t.c.
Lighthouses
vary in appearance. They are circular, pyramidal, quadrangular, square,
cylindrical, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal and octagonal.
Lighthouses
are built of steel, stone, concrete, wood, iron, brick, plastic e.t.c.
Lighthouses
are painted white, yellow, red, green e.t.c., sometimes they are painted in
horizontal or vertical stripes of different
colours. The lights may be fixed, single-flashing, group- flashing,
composite group-flashing, long-flashing, single- occulting, group- occulting,
composite- group occulting, isophase, quick e.t.c. When leading lights are
exhibited, the front is always lower than the rear light.
2. Answer
the questions:
1. What is a
lighthouse?
2. What
purpose does a light serve in navigation?
3. Where are
lighthouses loсated?
4. On what
foundations are lighthouses erected?
5.
Lighthouses vary in appearance, don’t they?
6. What
shapes are lighthouses?
7. What
materials are lighthouses built?
8. What character
of lights do you know?
9. Which
light is exhibited higher, the front or the rear one?
3.Translate into English:
1. Маяк- это постройка, на которой
выставлен огонь.
2. Маяки устанавливаются на берегу и
в море.
3. В большинстве случаев маяки устанавливаются
на твердых основаниях.
4. Маяки могут иметь ажурное
основание.
5. Имеются различные формы маячных
построек.
6. Для постройки маяков используются
различные материалы: сталь, камень, бетон,
дерево, железо.
7. Огни бывают разного цвета: красные,
зеленые, белые, желтые, оранжевые.
8. Огни могут быть постоянные,
одиночно - проблесковые, группопроблесковые, сложно - групповые проблесковые,
изофазные и.т.д.
4.
Read and translate an extract
from the Sailing Directions:
Leading
lights:
Front light
(white obelisk, red bands; 2m in height) (51 30.5N, 02
43.0W),which stands at at the head of N Pier.
Rear light
(white framework tower; orange bands
;black and white striped disk uppermost; 13m
in height)3cables NE of the front light.
From a
position 3,5 miles
WSW of the front light, the alignment(072,5 degrees) of these lights leads
through the fairway of King Road, passing(positions given from
Portishead
Point (51 30N,02 46 W).
5. Translate
into Russian:
1. leading
lights;
2. front
light;
3. rear
light;
4. to stand
at the head of N pier;
5.
uppermost;
6. 13 metres in height;
7. 3 cables
NE of the front light;
8. the
alignment;
9. to lead
through the fairway;
10. to pass
6. Answer
the questions:
1. What is
the position of front light?
2. What is the
height of front light?
3. Where
does the front light stand?
4. Rear
light has black and white striped disks uppermost, hasn’t it?
5. Where is
the rear light situated on?
6. What is
the height of rear light?
7. What is
the alignment of these lights?
8. Where
does the alignment of these lights lead?
7. Translate into English:
1.Передний огонь выставлен вначале
северного пирса.
2.Передний огонь выставляется на
белом обелиске, c красными
полосами, высотой 2 метра .
3.Задний огонь стоит к
северо-востоку от переднего огня.
4.Задний огонь выставлен на белой
ажурной башне, c оранжевыми полосами, с черно-белыми дисками на самом верху.
5.Створ этих огней (072,5 градуса)
ведет через фарватер Кинг Роуд.
8. Read and
translate the heading from the Admiralty
Chart:
ENGLISH CHANNEL
CENTRAL PART
DEPTHS in METRES
SCALE 1:325000 at lat 50°00'
Depths are in metres and are reduced to Chart Datum, which is approximately the
level of Lowest Astronomical Tide.
Heights are in metres. Underlined figures are drying heights above
Chart Datum; all other heights
are above Mean High Water Springs.
Positions are referred to Ordnance Survey of Great Britain (1936)
Datum(see SATELLITE-DERIVED
POSITIONS NOTE).
Navigational marks: IALA Maritime Buoyage System—Region A (Red to port).
Projection: Mercator.
Sources: Reference should be made to larger scale charts for the sources of
information.
Практическая работа № 2
1.
Read and translate the texts:
Buoys and
beacons are used to mark dangers at sea. They show the navigator the direction
in which the vessel should steer through channels or cannels. Buoys do not
always maintain their exact position. Buoys should, therefore, be regarded as
warnings. There are different shapes of buoys and beacons. They serve different
purposes.
The cardinal
system is used in outer areas to mark reefs or isolated dangers.
The lateral
system is generally used for marking fairways.
2.
Answer the questions:
1.
What are buoys and beacons used to mark at sea?
2.
What do they show the
navigator?
3.
What purposes do the buoys and beacons serve?
4.
What is the cardinal system
used for?
5.
What is the lateral system
used for?
3. Read and
translate the texts
from the Mariner’s Hand book and the Sailing Directions:
In 1980, a conference with the
assistance of IMO and IHO, the lighthouses authorities from 50 countries and
the representatives of 9 international organizations agreed to adopt the rules
of the new Maritime Buoyage System, and reached decisions on the buoyage
Regions.
Navigations
aids. Buoys.
The IALA
Maritime System (Region A) is in force throughout the area. The Mariner’s Handbook should be consulted
for details of the system.
Some of the
coastal areas covered in this volume are subject to rapid and frequent change
and buoys may be moved before notice of the move has been promulgated. Areas where this occurs are mentioned in the
text.
4. Translate
into Russian:
1 .IMO-
International Maritime Organisation;
2. IHO
- International Hydrographic Office;
3. Maritime Buoyage
System;
4.
Navigational aids;
5. to be in
force throughout the area;
6. Mariner’s
Hand book;
7. to be
subject to rapid and frequent change;
8. to
promulgate the notice;
9. to occur;
10. to
mention in the text;
5. Put in the necessary words:
2. The IALA
Maritime System(RegionA)is in…..throughout
the area.
3. The
Mariner’s Hand book should be consulted
for…..of the system.
4. Some of
the coastal areas are …..to rapid and frequent change.
5. Areas
where this occurs are…..in the text.
6. Answer
the questions:
1. When was
the new Maritime Buoyage System adopted?
2. How many
countries did take part in the conference?
3. What
system did the conference of 1980 adopt?
4. The
International Association Lighthouse Authorities Maritime
Buoyage System(Region A) is in force throughout the area, isn’t it?
5. Where
should the Mariners be
consulted for details of the system?
6. What are
subject to rapid and frequent change?
7. What may
be moved before the notice has been promulgated?
8.
Where are the
areas mentioned?
7. Translate into English:
1.В 1980 году была принята новая
система ограждения фарватера.
2.Буи могут быть передвинуты до
того, как извещение будет
опубликовано.
3.Морская система ограждения
фарватера( в регионе А) в силе везде в районе.
4.О подробностях системы следует
консультироваться в справочнике мореплавателя.
5.Некоторые прибрежные районы,
охватывающие этот том лоции, подлежат быстрым
и частым изменениям.
8. Read and
translate the note from the Admiralty
Chart:
SATELLITE-DERIVED
POSITIONS
Positions obtained from
satellite navigation systems, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), are normally referred to the
World Geodetic System 1984 Datum. Such positions must be adjusted by 0-04
minutes SOUTHWARD and 0-08 minutes EASTWARD before plotting on this chart.
Практическая работа № 3
1. Read and
translate the text:
DANGERS
There are
many dangers which the navigator may encounter. Banks, patches, underwater
rocks, shallow waters may threaten the ship’s safety. When
navigating in dangerous areas the navigator should avoid all these dangers.
As a rule,
all the dangers are shown on the charts. They are also described in
pilot-books. That’s why pilot-books and charts should be carefully consulted.
Navigation
in the Northern seas is especially dangerous, because of ice. In the open sea
ships can meet floating ice formations. Of course these ice formations are not
charted because they are afloat. In bays, gulfs and straits this ice may be
still more dangerous.
Ice
formations may prevent the ship’s movement. They make the navigator sometimes
change the course and speed. When sailing in dangerous areas a sharp look-out
should be always kept.
2. Answer
the questions:
1. What
dangers may threaten the ship’s safety2. What book should the navigator consult
to avoid dangers
3. Why is
navigation especially dangerous in the Northern ( Polar ) seas?
4. The ice
in bays
is more dangerous than in the
open sea, isn’t it?
5. What
makes sometimes the navigator change the ship’s course in the Northern seas?
6. When is
especially recommended to keep a sharp look-out?
3. Translate into English:
1. Банки, группы камней, подводные
скалы, мелководья могут быть опасны для навигации.
2. Работая в северных районах,
штурману следует избегать опасности.
3. Как правило, все опасности
нанесены на карты.
4. Опасности также даются в лоциях.
5. Штурману следует внимательно
консультироваться об опасностях в лоциях и на картах.
6. В северных морях движение судов
опасно.
7. Ледовые образования в открытом
море угрожают безопасности судна.
8. Коралловые рифы, отмель и
подводные скалы нанесены на карту.
9. Наше судно изменило курс.
10. Необходимо вести внимательное наблюдение
4. Read and
translate an extract from the American Sailing Directions:
(108)
Dangers.-Rupert Rock, 0,5 mile N of
Muhlenfels Point at the narrowest part of the entrance channel, is 12
feet high and white on top. A drying reef
and foul ground with less than 6 feet over it extends 100 yards W from
the rock. A lighted buoy and a daybeacon are
W of the rock.
(109) In December 1986, a partially submerged wreck
was reported about 0,2 mile NNW of Rupert Rock in about 18 20.01N.,64 55.39W.
(110)Foul
ground with depths less than 6 feet
surround Hassel Island
and Water Island up to 300 yards
from shore.
(113) A
rocky ledge extends 0.4 mile S of Red Point. A steep-to rock at the outer end
has a least depth of 2 feet over it. Caution is advised in the area.
5. Translate
into Russian:
1. dangers;
2. at the
narrowest part of the entrance point;
3. 12 feet
high;
4. a drying
reef and foul ground;
5. to
extend;
6. a lighted
buoy;
7. a
partially submerged wreck;
8. a rocky
ledge;
9. a
steep-to rock;
10. Caution
is advised in the area;
6. Answer
the questions:
1. Where is
Rupert Rock situated?
2. Rupert
Rock is 12 feet high, isn’t it?
3. What are
established on the W of the rock?
4. When was
a partially submerged wreck reported?
5. What is
the position of a partially submerged wreck?
6. What is
the depth of the foul ground?
7. What does
extend 0.4 mile S of Red Point?
8. What rock
is at the outer end?
9. What is a
least depth of a steep-to rock?
10. Caution
is advised in the area, isn’t it?
7. Translate into English:
1. Скала, высотой 12 метров,
находится в 0,5 мили от мыса, в самой узкой части канала.
2. Плохо держащий грунт простирается
на 100 ярдов на запад от скалы.
3. В декабре 1986 года сообщалось о
затонувшем судне.
4. Светящийся буй и знак находятся на западе от скалы.
5. Скалистая гряда простирается на
0,4 мили к югу от Ред Поинт.
8. Read and
translate the note from the Admiralty
Chart:
VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICE (VTS)
For procedures and working
details of the Humber Vessel Traffic Service (VTS
Humber) see Admiralty List of
Radio Signals.
Sunk Channel
is being dredged continuously. The least available depth will be announced by VTS Humber in their regular river
broadcasts. Mariners requiring immediate information about depths in the
Channel should contact VTS Humber.
Практическая работа № 4
1.Read and
translate the texts:
Ships may
have to anchor at sea when necessary. They may anchor at places where the
depths are sufficient. Sometimes it may be necessary to seek for shelter from
bad weather. Sometimes ships may have to anchor near some port waiting for a
pilot or a tug.
Anchorages
may be of different kinds. There are temporary anchorages and permanent
anchorages. Temporary anchorages are taken by the ships when they need some
shelter or protection to avoid heavy weather for a short time. Permanent
anchorages are usually outside or inside the ports when the ship has to wait
for a vacant berth, or a pilot, or a tug.
Before
anchoring the captain of a ship must have full information as to the depth,
character of the bottom, prevailing winds, bearing from anchorage to some
landmarks.
This
information is usually given in a pilot-book.
At the
anchorage the ships may ride to one or two anchors. If the ship is riding to
one anchor they say that she anchored. If she rides to two anchors, they say
that she is moored.
2. Decipher
the abbreviations of the Seabed and translate them:
1. P. Sh.
ca.Wd;
Pebbles; Shells; Calcareous Weeds;
Галька; Ракушки; Известковые водоросли;
2. so.M;
3. M.bk.Sh;
4. f.S.bk.Sh.Wd;
5. Sd. T;
3. Read and
translate an extract from the Sailing Directions:
Anchorages
3.40
Clovelly
Road (51 00N, 04 23W), affords sheltered anchorage in S and SW winds; the best berth is 8 cables N of the pierhead
at Clovelly, in depths of 10m, mud; small craft can anchor closer inshore NE of
the pierhead.
Temporary
anchorage may be obtained in offshore winds anywhere in Barnstaple Bay E of
Clovelly in moderate depths and good holding ground.
There is suitable anchorage in offshore winds for small craft in Croyde Bay
(51 08N, 04 15W), in Morte Bay, 7 cables offshore in depths of 13m, the latter anchorage is out
of the strength of the tidal streams.
4. Translate into Russian:
1. anchorages;
2. to afford;
3. a sheltered anchorage;
4. the pierhead;
5. in depths of 10m;
6. mud;
7. small craft;
8. a temporary anchorage;
9. to obtain;
10. a good holding ground;
5. Put in
the necessary words:
1. Clovelly Road affords…..anchorage in S and SW winds.
2. Small craft can…..closer inshore NE of the pierhead.
3. Temporary anchorage may be obtained in offshore winds, in moderate
depths and good holding ground.
4. There suitable…..in offshore winds for small craft.
5. The latter anchorage is out of the strength of the ……streams.
6. Answer
the questions:
1. What is the position of a sheltered anchorage?
2. Where is the best berth?
3. What craft can anchor closer
inshore NE of the pierhead?
4. What is the bottom at the temporary anchorage?
5. Where is the suitable anchorage?
7. Translate into English:
1. Клавелли Роуд имеет защищенную
якорную стоянку при южных и юго-западных
ветрах.
2. Самая лучшая якорная стоянка
находиться к северу, c глубинами
10 метров.
3. Временная якорная стоянка может
быть получена при ветрах, дующих к
берегу.
4. Эта якорная стоянка имеет хорошо
держащий грунт.
5. В Кроуде Бей имеется удобная
якорная стоянка для малых суд
8. Read and translate the notes
from the Admiralty Chart:
VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES (VTS)
For procedures and working
details of the Nieuwe Waterweg Vessel Traffic Services see Admiralty List of
Radio Signals.
TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES
All charted Traffic Separation
Schemes are listed In Annual Notice to Mariners No 17 and Annual Neth
N.t M. Weekly no 1.These Indicate which schemes are IMO-adopted and
includes other relevant information
Практическая работа № 5
1. Read and translate the
text:
Tides are the alternate rising
and falling of the water. In other words, it is the vertical movement of the
water. They are caused by the attraction of the moon and the sun upon the
waters of the earth. Gravity and the centrifugal forces caused by the rotation
of the earth influence tides too.
Tides cause high water and low
water at sea. High water is the greatest height to which the tides rise and low
water is the lowest level to which it falls. The stand occurs at high and low
water when no vertical movement takes place. The range is the difference
between high and low water.
In some places tides occur
once a day, in other places—four times a day. A diurnal tide consists of one
high and one low water a day. A semidiurnal tide means two high and two low
waters a day. Mixed tide occurs 4 times a day. In dependence of position of the
moon, sun and earth, there may be spring and neap tides.
Now, tidal streams are
horizontal movement of the water caused by the tides. The direction and the
rate of tidal streams depend on many factors, the depth of water, the contour
of the land, prevailing winds and regular currents. Slack water occurs at or
near high and low water. It occurs when no horizontal movement due to tide takes place.
2. Answer
the questions:
1. What are tides?
2. By what are they caused?
3. What is high water?
4. What is low water?
5. What is the range?
6. Of how many changes does a
diurnal tide consist?
7. Of how many changes does
a semidiurnal tide consist?
8. What is the tidal stream?
3. Read and
translate an extract from the Sailing Directions:
Tidal streams
3.143
Tidal stream information for the vicinity of West Scar Light-buoy and the
middle of the entrance to Swansea Bay
can be obtained from the charts.
Tidal streams between Oxwitch Point
and Mumbles Head run in approximately the direction of the coast attaining a
spring rate of 3 kn off the salient points.
The E-going stream sets directly over
Mixon Shoal a branch then turns N round Mumbles Head at +0610 HW Milford
Haven and runs for 3 hours only
towards Swansea at a spring rate of 1
kn. The main body of the stream continues E across Swansea Bay towards Port.
Talbot where it divides again at – 0315 HW Milford Haven, one branch
running SSE along the coast, and the
other branch running anti- clockwise round the bay for 9,5 hours and attaining a spring rate of 3 to 4 kn off
Mumbles Head.
4. Translate into Russian:
1. tidal stream information;
2. information can be obtained from the charts;
3. tidal streams run in the direction of the coast;
4. approximately;
5. to attain;
6. a spring rate of 3 kn;
7. off salient points;
8. to set;
9. to turn;
10. the main body of the stream;
11. to divide;
12. to run along the coast;
13. to run anti-clockwise;
14. to round the bay;
5. Answer the questions:
1. What information can be obtained from the charts?
2. In what direction do the tidal streams run?
3. What spring rate do the tidal streams attain?
4. What stream does directly set over Mixon Shoal?
5. What time does a branch turn N round Mumbles Head?
6. A branch of the E-going stream runs for 3 hours, doesn’t?
7. What is the speed of the E-going stream at a spring?
8. Where does one branch of the E-going stream run?
9. What does the other branch of the E-going stream round?
6. Translate into English:
1.Информацию о приливо-отливном
течении можно получить на морских картах.
2.Приливо-отливные течения текут
приблизительно в направлении побережья.
3.Восточное течение течет над отмелью
Миксон.
4.Одно течение течет вокруг мыса.
Tides — Приливы
- HAT — Highest Astronomical Tide —наивысший
теоретический уровень, возможный по астрономическим условиям;
- HW — High Water — полная
вода;
- LAT — Lowest Astronomical Tide — наинизший
теоретический уровень, возможный по астрономическим условиям;
- LW — Low Water —- малая вода;
- MHHW — Mean Higher High
Water — средняя высокая полная вода;
- MHLW — Mean Higher Low Water — средняя высокая малая вода;
- MHW — Mean High Water — средняя полная вода;
- MHWN — Mean High Water Neaps
— средняя полная вода в квадратуру;
- MHWS — Mean High Water
Springs — средняя полная вода в сизигию;
- MLHW — Mean Lower High Water
— средняя низкая полная вода;
- MLLW — Mean Lower Low Water
— средняя низкая малая вода;
- MLW — Mean Low Water — средняя малая вода;
- MLWN — Mean Low Water Neaps — средняя
малая вода в квадратуру;
- MLWS — Mean Low Water
Springs — средняя малая вода в сизигию;
- MSL — Mean Sea Level — уровень моря;
- HAT —
- HW —
- LAT —
- LW —
- MHHW —
- MHLW —
- MHW —
- MHWN —
- MHWS —
- MLHW —
- MLLW —
- MLW —
- MLWN —
- MLWS —
- MSL —
Комментарии
Отправить комментарий