Профессиональный английский язык/преподаватель Щаева А.М

Выполнить все задания к практическим работам 6-10


Практическая работа6

OUTER LEADING LIGHTS:
Front Light (black rectangular daymark, white stripe, on white concrete tower; 13 m in height) (51° 41' ·3 N, 5° 09' · 5W) on West Blockhouse Point. Rear Light (black rectangular daymark, white stripe, 50 m in height) (5 cables NNE of front light) on Watwick Point
The alignment ( 022 ½ ° ) of these lights leads into the center of the entrance to West Channel,  between Saint Ann’s and Middle Channel Rocks Light-buoys
Lights (black diamond shaped daymarks on white concrete towers; 11 and 15 m in height ), are situated close NW and SE respectively, of the front leading light. The NW of these lights in line (023 ¾º ) with the rear leading light indicates the W side of the channel. The SE of these lights in line (021¼° ) with the rear leading lights indicates the E side of the channel.

The leading lights are also fitted with high intensity lights for use in daylight in reduced visibility:
They  will be exhibited on request to the Signal Station ( 5.70 ) at any time.
Small vessels may enter at night keeping in the white sector of West Blockhouse Point Light between the bearings 020° and 036° until the entrance light-buoys are passed  but it is preferable to keep on the alignment of the leading lights.

3. Translate into Russian:   

4. Put in the necessary words:
2.  Lights  are situated ……….NW and SE respectively, of the front leading light.
3. The SE of these lights in line ( 021¼° ) with the rear leading lights ………… the E side of the channel.
4. They  will be ………. on request to the Signal Station at any time.
5. Small vessels may ……… at night keeping in the white sector of West Blockhouse Point Light.

5.  Answer the questions:
1. What is the position of the front light?
2.  What is the position of the rear light?
3. The alignment ( 022 ½ ° ) of these lights leads into the center of the entrance to West Channel, doesn’t  it?
4. Where  are the lights situated?
5. What is the alignment of these lights?
6.  What are the leading lights  fitted with?
7.  When will the leading lights  be exhibited?
8. Is it  preferable for small vessels to keep on the alignment of the leading lights?. Translate into English:
1. Cтвор  этих огней ( 022 ½ ° ) проходит по центру входа в западный канал.
2. Огни расположены ближе к северо-западу и юго-востоку соответственно от переднего  створного огня.  
3.Огни используются  в дневное время при ограниченной видимости.

7. Read and translate the notes  from the Admiralty Chart: 
PIPELINES
Mariners are advised not to anchor or trawl in the vicinity of pipelines Gas from a damaged oil or gas pipeline could cause an explosion, loss of a vessel's buoyancy or other serious hazard Pipelines are not always buried and may effectively reduce the charted depth by up to 2 metres They may also span seabed undulations and cause fishing gear to become irrecoverably snagged, putting a vessel In severe danger.
See Annual Notice to Mariners No 24 and The Mariner’s Handbook
HELICOPTER OPERATIONS
Pilot transfer by means of helicopter may be expected in circular areas around the symbol (I) H. The radius of the circle is given in nautical miles. See 'The Netherlands Coast Pilot' (HP1) or Admiralty List of Radio Signals.

Практическая работа7

1.          Read and translate the texts from the Sailing Directions and the Mariner’s Handbook: 
Navigational aids.
Care should be taken to pass light-vessels, lanbys and other navigational buoys at a prudent distance. In fog the mariner should not rely solely on sound signals to warn  him of his approach to navigational aids. 
The mariner is particularly cautioned to give lanbys a wide birth.
Lanbys –Large Automatic Navigational Buoys - Супербуи;
New Editions                                                          
1.102                                                 
SUPPLEMENTS                                                     
1.104                                                  
1.107  

2. Read and translate an extract of the text from the Sailing Directions:
9.184
There are four designated anchorage areas, the limits of which are shown on the chart, in the approaches to Baltiysk, centred as follows ( positioned from Baltiysk Main Light ( 54º 38´·4N, 19º 53´·8E)      
Area No 68A (2¼ miles W), ajoining the SE limits of 68 and 68B. Two obstructions lie on its NW limit.
No 146 and 152, is used for the short term anchorage of ships with draughts up to 5·0 m.

3. Translate into Russian:   
1. designated anchorage area
2. the limits  are shown on the chart
3. in the approaches to Baltiysk
4. on the N side of the safety fairway
6.  n addition
7. Anchorage may be obtained  by vessels with a maximum draught of 3·5 m.
8. Roadstead is used for the short term anchorage of ships with draughts up to 5·0 m.

4. Put in the necessary words:
3. Four mooring ……….lie about 7 cables W of the W limit of this anchorage.

5.  Answer the questions:
1. How many designated anchorage areas are there in the approaches to Baltiysk?
2. What is the position of Baltiysk Main Light?
3. How many mooring buoys  do lie about 7 cables W of the W limit of this anchorage?

6. Translate into English:
1. На подходах к  Балтийску имеются  четыре обозначенные якорные стоянки, которые нанесены на карту.
3. Обращается внимание на препятствие в центральной части якорной стоянки.
5. К. рейд, расположенный к северо-востоку от Калининградского морского канала, используется судами с осадкой 5·0 м.

7. Read and translate the note  from  the Admiralty Chart:
PRECAUTIONARY AREA 'MAAS'
Vessels should proceed with caution in the area where the traffic lanes merge. Any vessel which is not compelled to adhere to the Deep Water route should, if practicable, not  enter a circular area of about one mile in diameter around a position half a mile north of the 'Maas-Center' buoy. All vessels should keep the above circular area on their port side unless the available water depth, the density of traffic, the pilotage or the weather conditions warrant otherwise. Passing traffic which is not entering or leaving the adjacent ports should avoid the precautionary area Anchoring in the precautionary area is not recommended.

Практическая работа № 8

1. Read and translate the text:
BUOYS
509. Definitions and Types
Buoys are floating aids to navigation. They mark channels, indicate shoals and obstructions, and warn the mariner of dangers. Buoys are used where fixed aids would be uneconomical or impractical due to the depth of water. By their color, shape, topmark, number, and light characteristics, buoys indicate to the mariner how to avoid hazards and stay in safe water. The federal buoyage system in the U.S. is maintained by the Coast Guard.
There are many different sizes and types of buoys designed to meet a wide range of environmental conditions and user requirements. The size of a buoy is determined primarily by its location. In general, the smallest buoy which will stand up to local weather and current conditions is chosen.
There are five types of buoys maintained by the Coast Guard. They are:
1. Lateral marks.
2. Isolated danger marks.
3. Safe water marks.
4. Special marks.
5. Information/regulatory marks.
These conform in general to the specifications of the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities
(IALA) buoy age system.

2.  Answer the questions:
5.               The federal  buoyage  system in the U.S. is maintained by the Coast Guard, isn’t it?
8.               Do these conform in general to the specifications of the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) buoyage system?



3.  Read and translate the texts:
Anchorages and harbours
5.211
Several anchorages in the main channels within the Morbihan are suitable for coasters: they and the principal small craft anchorages are described after the relevant waterway. Temporary anchorage may be obtained in many other places but care must be taken to avoid areas where the tidal streams are strong.
Navigation
5.213
Navigation requires particular care when entering and within the Morbihan owing to the very strong tidal streams, whirlpools and eddies in the narrow passages. Within the Morbihan navigation is practicable by day only as few of the marks are lit.
5.214
Oyster beds marked by stakes exist in many parts of the Morbihan; some but not all are shown on Chart 2358. Touching bottom and anchoring in these areas are prohibited.
Pilotage
5.215
General information. Pilotage or local knowledge is essential for all vessels, except small craft, entering and navigating the Morbihan. Only an unofficial Pilot (1.29), based at Locmariaquer (47°34'N, 2°57'W) (5.255), is available.

4. Translate into Russian:

5. Put in the necessary words:
1. Several anchorages in the main …….within the Morbihan are suitable for coasters .
2. Temporary ……. may be obtained in many other places.
3. Navigation requires particular care when entering and within the Morbihan owing to the very strong ……..streams.
4. Within the Morbihan navigation is …….by day only as few of the marks are lit.
7. Pilotage or ………knowledge is essential for all vessels, except small craft, entering and navigating the Morbihan.

1.           Answer the questions:
1. Are anchorages in the main channels within the Morbihan suitable for coasters?
2. Where may temporary anchorage be obtained ?
3. Why does  navigation require particular care in the narrow passages?
4. When is navigation practicable within the Morbihan?
5. Where are oyster beds shown?
6. What  pilot is available in the position (47°34'N, 2°57'W)?
7. Translate into English:
SCOTLAND — EAST COAST
MORAY FIRTH
DEPTHS in METRES
SCALE 1:200000 at lat 58°00'
Depths are in metres and are reduced to Chart Datum, which is approximately the level of Lowest Astronomical Tide.
Heights are in metres. Underlined figures are drying heights, in metres and decimetres, above Chart Datum; all other heights are above Mean High Water Springs.
Projection: Mercator. Positions are based upon Ordnance Survey of Great Britain (1936) Datum.
Authorities: The origin, scale, date and limits of the hydrographic surveys used in compiling the chart are shown in the Source Data Diagram. Depths in upright figures are from older surveys. The topography is derived chiefly from Ordnance Survey maps.

Практическая работа № 9

1. Read and translate the text:
In the IALA Buoyage System “A”, that is to say the system of buoyage adopted by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, Cardinal Marks are divided into four groups corresponding to the points of the compass.
A North Cardinal Mark is black over  yellow  in colour. It can be either pillar-shaped or spar- shaped.
Top marks are two black cones one above the other and with the points upwards. When a light is fitted, it is white and gives a very quick flash or a quick flash.
An East Cardinal Mark is black with a yellow band in colour.  It can be either pillar-shaped or spar-shaped. Top marks are two black cones with their bases together. When a light is fitted it is white in colour and gives three very quick flashes every five seconds  or three quick flashes every ten seconds.
A South Cardinal Mark is yellow over black in colour. It can be either pillar-shaped or spar- shaped.
Top marks are two black cones one above the other and with their points downwards. When a light is fitted, it is white in colour and gives six very quick flashes plus one long flash every ten seconds or six quick flashes plus one long flash every fifteen seconds.
A West Cardinal Mark is yellow with a black band  in colour. It can be either pillar-shaped or spar- shaped. Top marks are two black cones one above the other, but  with their points together. When a light is fitted, it is white in colour and gives nine very quick flashes  every ten seconds  or nine quick flashes  every fifteen seconds.
Isolated Danger Marks are  black  in colour with red bands. They can be either pillar-shaped or spar- shaped. Top marks are two black spheres one above the other. When a light is fitted it is white in colour and flashes in groups of  two.
Safe Water Marks are red  with white vertical stripes. They are spherical in shape, pillar-shaped or spar-shaped. Top marks, which are optional on spherical buoys, are a single red sphere. When a light is fitted, it is white in colour and it either flashes or occults or isophase.

2.          Answer the questions:
1. Who adopted the system of buoyage?
2. In what groups are Cardinal Marks divided?
3. What are they?

3. Read and translate the texts from the Sailing Directions:
Outer anchorages
10.170
There are anchorage areas to the N and NE of the port, as shown on the chart. Vessels with dangerous cargoes use the N half of the NE anchorage. In adverse weather vessels of less than 1000 grt may anchor in Anchorage A (43°33'-7N, 5°41'-OW) close NE of Contradique de Levante; those less than 500 grt may use Anchorage B (43°33'-5N, 5°41'-5W) in Darsena de El Musel.
Anchor berths are allocated by the pilot's office: pilotage is compulsory for vessels anchoring within the port limits (10.167). All vessels intending to anchor should establish direct radio contact with the pilot's office at a distance of not less than 3 miles from Dique Principe de Asturias.
Prohibited anchorage
10.171
Anchoring and fishing are prohibited within 500 m of an outfall extending 1mile N from position 43°33'-1N, 5°37'-8W.



6. Translate into English:

7. Read and translate the heading from the Admiralty Chart:       
DENMARK .
ENTRANCE TO THE BALTIC
STOREBELT
NORTHE RN  P A RT
DEPTHS in METRES
SCALE 1: 75 000 at lat 56°
Depths are in metres and are reduced to Chart Datum, which is approximately Mean Sea Level. The range of the tide is not appreciable.
Heights are in metres above Mean Sea Level.
Positions are referred to World Geodetic System 1984 Datum (see SATELLITE-DERIVED POSITIONS note)
Navigational marks: IALA Maritime Buoy age System
- Region A (Red to port).
Projection: Mercator
Sources: The limits of the Danish hydrographic surveys used in compiling the chart are shown in the Source Data Diagram. The topography was chiefly taken from 1:25 000 scale Danish maps.

Практическая работа № 10

1.     Read and translate the text:
When approaching some port or passing through narrow channels the navigator should be guided by special instructions. These instructions are given in pilot-books under the heading of "Directions".
Every locality has its own features, its own dangers. They should be taken into consideration when shaping the safe course for approaching some particular place.
The directions are given in the form of recommendations. They will help the ship to avoid dangers and to choose the correct course.
To show the direction of approach to some place, usually conspicuous landmarks are used. These may be lighthouses, water towers, summits of mountains, lights on some  constructions  or other conspicuous objects seen from seaward.
If two such objects are brought from seaward in line, this line is called a leading line or an alignment. It can lead the ship clear of dangers to some position.
As vessels may approach the place from different directions usually several alignments are given in a pilot-book. Thus a navigator can choose an appropriate course.


1. By what instructions should the navigator be guided when approaching some port?
2. In what publications are these instructions given?
3. Under which heading are these instructions published in pilot-books?
4. In what form are the directions given?
5. What will they help the ship to do?
6. What landmarks are used to show the direction of approach to some place?
7. Why are several alignments given in a pilot-book?
8. What other information is given under the heading of "Directions"?

3. Read and translate the texts from the Sailing Directions:
Flow
6.13
Tidal streams in the outer approaches are comparatively weak and rotary clockwise. While the tide at Brest is rising, they set generally NE towards the dangers in the approaches to La Loire estuary, see Admiralty Tidal Stream Atlas France West Coast for further details.
As the entrance to La Loire is approached the tidal streams become rectilinear and increase in strength, reaching a maximum rate of 4 kn at springs off  Saint-Nazaire.

When La Loire is in spate the strength and duration of the outgoing tidal stream is increased.
Weather
6.14
Fog or mist often occur in the approaches and  estuary of La Loire.
Visibility is reduced to about 3 miles with E winds; with NW winds it is good.


1. What tidal streams are in the outer approaches?
2. Where do tidal streams  generally set while the tide at Brest is rising?
3. What is a maximum rate of the rectilinear  tidal streams at springs  off  Saint-Nazaire?
4. The strength and duration of the outgoing tidal stream is increased, isn’it?
5. What do often occur in the approaches and  estuary of La Loire?
6. What is the visibility with E winds?

6. Translate into English:

CAUTION
Introduction of  IALA  Maritime  Buoyage  System (RegionA)
NEED TO RETAIN PREVIOUS EDITION OF THIS CHART
The details of   buoys and other navigation aids shown on this chart take into account the  introduction of  IALA  Buoyage (Region A) scheduled for implementation in this area during 1981. For general information about IALA Buoyage and its implementation see NP735  and Admiralty Notices to Mariners. Until all the changes in this area have taken place, mariners should retain the cancelled version of this chart, for reference with respect to the  old  buoyage.
DEPTHS
Mariners are advised to proceed with caution when navigating within the whole of
Aseb Bay. The area is inadequately surveyed and uncharted shoals may exist, especially  off  reef edges.




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