Профессиональный английский язык/преподаватель Щаева А.М
Выполнить все задания к практическим работам 6-10
Практическая работа № 6
Admiralty Sailing Directions are complementary to the chart and
to the other navigational publications of the Hydrographic Office. They
are written with assumption that the
reader has the appropriate chart before him and other relevant publications to
hand.
The information in Sailing Directions is intended primarily for vessels
over 12 m in length. It may, however, like that on the charts, affect any
vessel, but it does not take into account the special needs of hovercraft,
submariners under water, deep draught tows and other special vessels.
Of the vast amount
of the information needed to keep the charts up-to-date in every detail,
only the most important items can be used
to correct the charts by Notices to Mariners. The less important information, though it may
not reach the chart until its next edition, may nevertheless be included in
supplements to Sailing Directions, or New or Revised Editions of the
books. It is therefore possible that in
some relatively unimportant points the Sailing Directions may be more up-to-date
than the chart.
OUTER
LEADING LIGHTS:
Front Light
(black rectangular daymark, white stripe, on white concrete tower; 13 m in
height) (51° 41' ·3 N, 5° 09' · 5W) on West Blockhouse Point. Rear Light (black rectangular daymark, white
stripe, 50 m in height) (5 cables NNE of front light) on Watwick Point
The
alignment ( 022 ½ ° ) of these lights leads into the center of the entrance to
West Channel, between Saint Ann’s and
Middle Channel Rocks Light-buoys
Lights
(black diamond shaped daymarks on white concrete towers; 11 and 15 m in height
), are situated close NW and SE respectively, of the front leading light. The
NW of these lights in line (023 ¾º ) with the rear leading light indicates the
W side of the channel. The SE of these lights in line (021¼° ) with the rear
leading lights indicates the E side of the channel.
The leading
lights are also fitted with high intensity lights for use in daylight in
reduced visibility:
They will be exhibited on request to the Signal
Station ( 5.70 ) at any time.
Small
vessels may enter at night keeping in the white sector of West Blockhouse Point
Light between the bearings 020° and 036° until the entrance light-buoys are
passed but it is preferable to keep on
the alignment of the leading lights.
3. Translate into Russian:
4. Put in
the necessary words:
2. Lights
are situated ……….NW and SE respectively, of the front leading light.
3. The SE of
these lights in line ( 021¼° ) with the rear leading lights ………… the E side of
the channel.
4. They will be ………. on request to the Signal Station
at any time.
5. Small
vessels may ……… at night keeping in the white sector of West Blockhouse Point
Light.
5. Answer the questions:
1. What is
the position of the front light?
2. What is the position of the rear light?
3. The
alignment ( 022 ½ ° ) of these lights leads into the center of the entrance to
West Channel, doesn’t it?
4.
Where are the lights situated?
5. What is
the alignment of these lights?
6. What are the leading lights fitted with?
7. When will the leading lights be exhibited?
8. Is
it preferable for small vessels to keep
on the alignment of the leading lights?. Translate into English:
1. Cтвор этих огней ( 022 ½ ° ) проходит по центру
входа в западный канал.
2. Огни расположены ближе к
северо-западу и юго-востоку соответственно от переднего створного огня.
3.Огни используются в дневное время при ограниченной видимости.
7. Read and translate the notes from
the Admiralty Chart:
PIPELINES
Mariners are advised not to
anchor or trawl in the vicinity of pipelines Gas from a damaged oil or gas
pipeline could cause an explosion, loss of a vessel's buoyancy or other serious
hazard Pipelines are not always buried and may effectively reduce the charted
depth by up to 2 metres They may also span seabed undulations and cause fishing
gear to become irrecoverably snagged, putting a vessel In severe danger.
See Annual Notice to Mariners
No 24 and The Mariner’s Handbook
HELICOPTER OPERATIONS
Pilot transfer by means of
helicopter may be expected in circular areas around the symbol (I) H. The
radius of the circle is given in nautical miles. See 'The Netherlands Coast
Pilot' (HP1) or Admiralty List of Radio Signals.
Практическая работа № 7
1.
Read and translate the texts
from the Sailing Directions and the Mariner’s Handbook:
Navigational
aids.
Care should
be taken to pass light-vessels, lanbys and other navigational buoys at a
prudent distance. In fog the mariner should not rely solely on sound signals to
warn him of his approach to navigational
aids.
The mariner is particularly
cautioned to give lanbys a wide birth.
Lanbys –Large Automatic
Navigational Buoys - Супербуи;
In 1983 the style in which Sailing Directions are written was changed to
make them more suitable for the needs of the modern mariner.
Supplements for each book are issued about 3 years and are cumulative so
that each successive supplement supersedes the previous one.
Whenever a volume is supplied for which a supplement has been published, a
copy of the supplement accompanies it.
2. Read and translate an
extract of the text from the Sailing Directions:
9.184
There are
four designated anchorage areas, the limits of which are shown on the chart, in
the approaches to Baltiysk, centred as follows ( positioned from Baltiysk Main
Light ( 54º 38´·4N, 19º 53´·8E)
Area No 66 (4½ miles NW), on the N side of the safety fairway. Attention is
drawn to two obstructions in the NW part of the area. Four mooring buoys lie
about 7 cables W of the W limit of this anchorage.
Area No 68B (3½ miles WNW), close S
of the safety fairway. Attention is drawn to an obstruction in the central SW
part of the anchorage, close to its limit.
Area No 68 (3¾ miles WNW), close SW of Area No 68B. Attention is drawn to
obstructions lying in the central part
on the NE limit, and in the central part of its SE side.
Area No 68A
(2¼ miles W), ajoining the SE limits of 68 and 68B. Two obstructions lie on its
NW limit.
In addition, within the harbour entrance, anchorage may be obtained, by
vessels with a maximum draught of 3·5 m, in Area No 68C, centred 5 cables S of
Baltiysk Main Light, close S of the channel.
No 146 and
152, is used for the short term anchorage of ships with draughts up to 5·0 m.
3. Translate
into Russian:
1. designated anchorage area
2. the limits are shown on the chart
3. in the approaches to
Baltiysk
4. on the N side of the safety
fairway
6. n addition
7. Anchorage may be
obtained by vessels with a maximum draught
of 3·5 m.
8. Roadstead
is used for the short term anchorage of ships with draughts up to 5·0 m.
4. Put in the necessary words:
1. There are four designated……….. areas,
the limits of which are shown on the chart, in the approaches to Baltiysk.
3. Four
mooring ……….lie about 7 cables W of the W limit of this anchorage.
5. Roadstead, situated to the NW of
Kaliningradskiy Morskoy Kanal , is used for the short term anchorage
of ships with …………up to 5·0 m.
5. Answer the questions:
1. How many designated
anchorage areas are there in the approaches to Baltiysk?
2. What is the position of
Baltiysk Main Light?
3. How many
mooring buoys do lie about 7 cables W of
the W limit of this anchorage?
6. Translate into English:
1. На подходах к Балтийску
имеются четыре обозначенные якорные
стоянки, которые нанесены на карту.
3. Обращается внимание на препятствие в центральной части якорной стоянки.
5. К. рейд, расположенный к
северо-востоку от Калининградского морского канала, используется судами с
осадкой 5·0 м.
7. Read and translate the note
from the Admiralty Chart:
PRECAUTIONARY AREA 'MAAS'
Vessels should proceed with
caution in the area where the traffic lanes merge. Any vessel which is not
compelled to adhere to the Deep Water route should, if practicable, not enter a circular area of about one mile in
diameter around a position half a mile north of the 'Maas-Center' buoy. All
vessels should keep the above circular area on their port side unless the
available water depth, the density of traffic, the pilotage or the weather
conditions warrant otherwise. Passing traffic which is not entering or leaving
the adjacent ports should avoid the precautionary area Anchoring in the
precautionary area is not recommended.
Практическая работа № 8
1. Read and translate the
text:
BUOYS
509.
Definitions and Types
Buoys
are floating aids to
navigation. They mark channels, indicate shoals and obstructions, and warn the
mariner of dangers. Buoys are used where fixed aids would be uneconomical or
impractical due to the depth of water. By their color, shape, topmark, number, and
light characteristics, buoys indicate to the mariner how to avoid hazards and
stay in safe water. The federal buoyage system in the U.S. is maintained by the
Coast Guard.
There are many different sizes
and types of buoys designed to meet a wide range of environmental conditions
and user requirements. The size of a buoy is determined primarily by its
location. In general, the smallest buoy which will stand up to local weather
and current conditions is chosen.
There are five types of buoys
maintained by the Coast Guard. They are:
1. Lateral marks.
2. Isolated danger marks.
3. Safe water marks.
4. Special marks.
5. Information/regulatory
marks.
These conform in general to
the specifications of the International Association of Lighthouse
Authorities
(IALA) buoy age
system.
2. Answer the questions:
5.
The federal buoyage
system in the U.S. is maintained by the Coast Guard, isn’t it?
8.
Do these conform in general to
the specifications of the International Association of Lighthouse
Authorities (IALA) buoyage system?
3. Read and translate the texts:
Anchorages and harbours
5.211
Several anchorages in the main
channels within the Morbihan are suitable for coasters: they and the principal
small craft anchorages are described after the relevant waterway. Temporary
anchorage may be obtained in many other places but care must be taken to avoid
areas where the tidal streams are strong.
Navigation
5.213
Navigation requires particular
care when entering and within the Morbihan owing to the very strong tidal
streams, whirlpools and eddies in the narrow passages. Within the Morbihan
navigation is practicable by day only as few of the marks are lit.
5.214
Oyster beds marked by stakes exist in many parts of the Morbihan; some but not all are
shown on Chart 2358. Touching bottom and anchoring in these areas are
prohibited.
Pilotage
5.215
General information. Pilotage or local knowledge is essential for all vessels, except small
craft, entering and navigating the Morbihan. Only an unofficial Pilot (1.29),
based at Locmariaquer (47°34'N, 2°57'W) (5.255), is available.
5. Put in the necessary words:
1. Several anchorages in the
main …….within the Morbihan are suitable for coasters .
2. Temporary ……. may be obtained in many other places.
3. Navigation requires
particular care when entering and within the Morbihan owing to the very strong
……..streams.
4. Within the Morbihan
navigation is …….by day only as few of the marks are lit.
7. Pilotage or ………knowledge is
essential for all vessels, except small craft, entering and navigating the
Morbihan.
1.
Answer the questions:
1. Are anchorages in the main channels within the Morbihan
suitable for coasters?
2. Where may temporary anchorage be obtained ?
3. Why does navigation require
particular care in the narrow passages?
4. When is navigation practicable within the Morbihan?
5. Where are oyster beds shown?
6. What pilot is available in the
position (47°34'N, 2°57'W)?
7.
Translate into English:
SCOTLAND — EAST COAST
MORAY FIRTH
DEPTHS in METRES
SCALE 1:200000 at lat 58°00'
Depths are in metres and are reduced to Chart Datum, which is approximately the
level of Lowest Astronomical Tide.
Heights are in metres. Underlined figures are drying heights, in metres and
decimetres, above Chart Datum; all other heights are above Mean High Water
Springs.
Projection: Mercator. Positions are based upon Ordnance
Survey of Great Britain (1936) Datum.
Authorities: The origin, scale, date and limits of the hydrographic surveys used in
compiling the chart are shown in the Source Data Diagram. Depths in upright figures
are from older surveys. The topography is derived chiefly from Ordnance Survey
maps.
Практическая работа № 9
1. Read and translate the
text:
In the IALA
Buoyage System “A”, that is to say the system of buoyage adopted by the
International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, Cardinal Marks are divided
into four groups corresponding to the points of the compass.
A North
Cardinal Mark is black over yellow in colour. It can be either pillar-shaped or
spar- shaped.
Top marks
are two black cones one above the other and with the points upwards. When a
light is fitted, it is white and gives a very quick flash or a quick flash.
An East
Cardinal Mark is black with a yellow band in colour. It can be either pillar-shaped or
spar-shaped. Top marks are two black cones with their bases together. When a
light is fitted it is white in colour and gives three very quick flashes every
five seconds or three quick flashes
every ten seconds.
A South
Cardinal Mark is yellow over black in colour. It can be either pillar-shaped or
spar- shaped.
Top marks
are two black cones one above the other and with their points downwards. When a
light is fitted, it is white in colour and gives six very quick flashes plus
one long flash every ten seconds or six quick flashes plus one long flash every
fifteen seconds.
A West
Cardinal Mark is yellow with a black band
in colour. It can be either pillar-shaped or spar- shaped. Top marks are
two black cones one above the other, but
with their points together. When a light is fitted, it is white in
colour and gives nine very quick flashes
every ten seconds or nine quick
flashes every fifteen seconds.
Isolated
Danger Marks are black in colour with red bands. They can be either
pillar-shaped or spar- shaped. Top marks are two black spheres one above the
other. When a light is fitted it is white in colour and flashes in groups
of two.
Safe Water
Marks are red with white vertical
stripes. They are spherical in shape, pillar-shaped or spar-shaped. Top marks,
which are optional on spherical buoys, are a single red sphere. When a light is
fitted, it is white in colour and it either flashes or occults or isophase.
2.
Answer the questions:
1. Who adopted the system of
buoyage?
2. In what groups are Cardinal
Marks divided?
3. What are they?
3. Read and translate the
texts from the Sailing Directions:
Outer anchorages
10.170
There are anchorage areas to
the N and NE
of the port, as shown on the chart. Vessels with dangerous cargoes use the N
half of the NE anchorage. In adverse weather vessels of less than 1000 grt may
anchor in Anchorage A (43°33'-7N, 5°41'-OW) close NE of Contradique de Levante;
those less than 500 grt may use Anchorage B (43°33'-5N, 5°41'-5W) in Darsena de
El Musel.
Anchor berths are allocated by
the pilot's office: pilotage is compulsory for vessels anchoring within the
port limits (10.167). All vessels intending to anchor should establish direct
radio contact with the pilot's office at a distance of not less than 3 miles
from Dique Principe de Asturias.
Prohibited anchorage
10.171
Anchoring and fishing are
prohibited within 500 m of an outfall extending 1mile N from position
43°33'-1N, 5°37'-8W.
4. Всем судам, намеревающимся
становится на якорь, следует связываться по радио с лоцманской службой.
7. Read and translate the
heading from the Admiralty Chart:
DENMARK .
ENTRANCE TO THE BALTIC
STOREBELT
NORTHE RN P A RT
DEPTHS in METRES
SCALE 1: 75 000 at lat 56°
Depths are in metres and are reduced to Chart Datum, which is approximately Mean
Sea Level. The range of the tide is not appreciable.
Heights are in metres above Mean Sea Level.
Positions are referred to World Geodetic System 1984 Datum (see SATELLITE-DERIVED
POSITIONS note)
Navigational marks: IALA Maritime Buoy age System
- Region A (Red to port).
Projection: Mercator
Sources: The limits of the Danish hydrographic surveys used in compiling the chart
are shown in the Source Data Diagram. The topography was chiefly taken from
1:25 000 scale Danish maps.
Практическая работа № 10
1.
Read and translate the text:
When approaching some port or
passing through narrow channels the navigator should be guided by special
instructions. These instructions are given
in pilot-books under the heading of "Directions".
Every locality has its own
features, its own dangers. They should be taken into consideration when shaping
the safe course for approaching some particular place.
The directions are given in
the form of recommendations. They will help
the ship to avoid dangers and to choose the correct course.
To show the direction of
approach to some place, usually conspicuous landmarks are used. These may be
lighthouses, water towers, summits of mountains, lights on some constructions
or other conspicuous objects seen from seaward.
If two such objects are brought
from seaward in line, this line is called a leading line or an alignment. It
can lead the ship clear of dangers to some position.
As vessels may approach the
place from different directions usually several alignments are given in a
pilot-book. Thus a navigator can choose an appropriate course.
Other recommendations given in "Directions" describe the
conditions under which the ship will have to proceed. These conditions may
refer to the effect of wind, tidal streams and currents. Reference is also made
to existence of buoys and other navigational aids which should be used for
entering or leaving ports.
1. By what instructions should
the navigator be guided when approaching some port?
2. In what publications are
these instructions given?
3. Under which heading are
these instructions published in pilot-books?
4. In what form are the
directions given?
5. What will they help the
ship to do?
6. What landmarks are used to
show the direction of approach to some place?
7. Why are several alignments
given in a pilot-book?
8. What other information is
given under the heading of "Directions"?
3. Read and translate the
texts from the Sailing Directions:
Flow
6.13
Tidal streams in the outer approaches are comparatively weak and rotary clockwise. While
the tide at Brest is rising, they set generally NE towards the dangers in the
approaches to La Loire estuary, see Admiralty Tidal Stream Atlas France West
Coast for further details.
As the entrance to La Loire is
approached the tidal streams become rectilinear and increase in strength,
reaching a maximum rate of 4 kn at springs off
Saint-Nazaire.
When La Loire is in spate the
strength and duration of the outgoing tidal stream is increased.
Weather
6.14
Fog or mist often occur in the approaches and
estuary of La Loire.
Visibility is reduced to about 3 miles with E winds; with NW winds it is good.
1. What tidal streams are in
the outer approaches?
2. Where do tidal streams generally set while the tide at Brest is
rising?
3. What is a maximum rate of
the rectilinear tidal streams at
springs off Saint-Nazaire?
4. The strength and duration
of the outgoing tidal stream is increased, isn’it?
5. What do often occur in the
approaches and estuary of La Loire?
6. What is the visibility with
E winds?
CAUTION
Introduction of IALA
Maritime Buoyage System (RegionA)
NEED TO RETAIN PREVIOUS
EDITION OF THIS CHART
The details of buoys and other navigation aids shown on
this chart take into account the
introduction of IALA Buoyage (Region A) scheduled for
implementation in this area during 1981. For general information about IALA
Buoyage and its implementation see NP735
and Admiralty Notices to Mariners. Until all the changes in this area have
taken place, mariners should retain the cancelled version of this chart, for
reference with respect to the old buoyage.
DEPTHS
Mariners are advised to
proceed with caution when navigating within the whole of
Aseb Bay. The area is
inadequately surveyed and uncharted shoals may exist, especially off
reef edges.
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